ABSTRACT
This study aims to find out (1) working characteristics required by industry, (2) the gap in the working characteristics between vocational secondary school graduates and the industrial world, and (3) the readiness of vocational secondary schools in facing Industry 4.0 in terms of practical learning. The method used in this paper was literature study, undertaken by searching for data in books, journals, government regulations, and other electronic sources. Results of this study are as follows. First, the working characteristics demanded by industries are communication, responsibility, cooperation, caring for the environment, safety and occupational health (K3) awareness, negotiation, problem-solving, analysis, life-long learning, management, adaptability, innovative, creativity, critical thinking, flexiblity, decision-making, entrepreneurship, leadership and discipline. Second, gaps in working characteristics were identified between vocational secondary school and industrial demand. Third, the practical learning syllabuses of vocational secondary schools are not ready yet to provide the working characteristics for graduates based on industry demand.
