ABSTRACT
The scale of technological advances provided by nanotechnology is illustrated by the emergence of rapidly growing and commercially powerful sub-fields, such as application-oriented nanotechnology and applied nanotechnology with synergistic influences on the progress of basic and customer-oriented medical research. The governing principle of nanotechnology is to take advantage of the properties of nanoparticles for the development of devices and processes. Another application of nanotechnology to biosciences is the use of coated nanoparticles for the measurement of concentrations of intracellular ions. Nanotechnology can be likened as a discipline where natural sciences, such as chemical physics and engineering, and life sciences meet, enrich one another, and provide a fertile ground for the development of systems with clinical relevance, to name one fast growing area of commercially lucrative research and development. Such development of safe next-generation tools undeniably relies on a robust understanding of nanomaterials.
