ABSTRACT
Wind farm installation on private land has to deal with three challenges: land lease cost, noise emission, and wake loss. In this article, three effective equations are used to evaluate the land lease cost, noise emission, and annual energy production due to wake loss. These equations are incorporated into an immune clone algorithm that determines the optimal wind farm layout. Then a novel wind farm layout optimization (WFLO) model that minimizes the land lease cost, noise emission, and wake loss is developed. The proposed WFLO model is used to lay out 28 wind turbine generators (WTGs) in a 1.5 km × 1.5 km wind farm consisting of 9 private lands and residences. Results show that the proposed model is a promising wind farm planning tool for handling engineering challenges from land lease cost, noise emission, and wake loss.
