ABSTRACT
Mainly tissue injuries originate from physical accident or degenerative diseases. Tissue loss has been provocation in the current scenario because of the shortage of therapeutic resources [1]. In the past decade, the removal of the damaged body part was the very common practice, which resulted in a number of restrictions of the affected individual and in a significant reduction in quality of life [1,2]. The increase in life expectancy has resulted from the finding of new methods to replace/regenerate damaged or degenerated tissues in the body. Thus, replacement and/or regeneration of the damaged body part have become the new target. Thousands of patients have been suffering from tissue loss or organ failure such as liver, kidney, teeth, bone, muscles, etc., and to treat this kind of loss, we need to develop an alternative 20method; therefore, concept of tissue engineering arisen [3]. Biomaterials are natural or synthetic materials that interact with the biological system. Biomaterials are used in medical applications to augment or replace natural function. Biomaterials used in tissue engineering may be broadly classified as (i) synthetic polymers and (ii) naturally occurring polymers. Synthetic polymers include hydrophobic materials such as α hydroxyl acids, polyanhydrides, etc., and naturally occurring polymer includes complex sugars (hyaluronan) and inorganics (hydroxyapatite) [4]. Polymers have contributed toward the improvement in quality of life in medical science to millions of people worldwide [5,6]. Features such as biocompatibility, cell adhesion, shaping into different forms, cell differentiation support and cell proliferation, ability to mimic the microenvironment of the natural tissues, allowing diffusion of nutrients and residuals have made both natural and synthetic polymers, very attractive materials in tissues regeneration applications [7]. Besides their mechanical characteristics, properties such as surface morphology, as well as the ability of polymers to be degraded into low molecular mass species, have made them materials of choice. Polymeric biomaterials play a significant role in biomedical applications [8,9].
