ABSTRACT
This chapter begins with urban shade tree insect pest problems. To briefly summarize the relevant differences between the two human-designed systems, urban and agricultural: urban areas are characterized by a greater density of people; greater diversity of vegetation and microclimates; overlapping pesticide use patterns and jurisdictions. Research in urban Integrated pest management (IPM) technology transfer, from the IPM specialist to the political and maintenance personnel of the system to be managed, must take on a distinctly interdisciplinary approach. The primary efforts of an IPM program are directed towards the preservation and enhancement of whatever biological controls may already be operating in the system. The ecologist-IPM specialist finds that incorporation of techniques of analyses and integration, from such varied discipines as sociology, psychology, political science, public education and business management, becomes a necessary requirement.
