Traffic Pollution: Perspective Overview toward Carbon Dioxide Capture and Separation Method

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) emitted from different sources into ambient air is a major contributor to air pollution. In addition, long-term exposure in humans contributes to symptoms such as tiredness, weakness, memory loss, confusion, nausea, and loss of appetite. The separation and storage of CO₂ are important parts of utilizing low-carbon energy, which is needed to cope with climate change. Cost-effectiveness is an important factor for determining an optimal carbon separation strategy. Several review papers on CO₂ capture and storage are available, but in most of these publications only the theoretical and operational aspects appear, while cost and techno-economic evaluations are missing. In this paper, different techniques for CO₂ capture and separation are thoroughly reviewed with a focus on the associated economic costs. Presently, chemical and physical methods are widely used for CO₂ separation; however, the hope is to switch to more environmentally friendly methods. This review reveals that, although biological separation processes are regarded as safe and sustainable, these methods are still time-consuming and involve high bioreactor management costs for. Another important finding is that chemical membrane technology is promising due to its low cost and simple operation.