ABSTRACT
The issue of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions levels is becoming critical as a topic of research. The quantification of CO2 has attracted the interest of researchers as they seek to determine the sources of CO2 that have an effect on the environment. Consequently, CO2 can be chemically transformed from a detrimental greenhouse gas into a renewable, valuable energy and it will be the future source of carbon fuels and hydrocarbon products. It requires a correct measure for quantification of greenhouse gases (GHGs) to tackle the situation as a real situation. Therefore, this paper aims to provide a holistic review of the quantification techniques to aid research in this field. Thus, the integration of a modelling method, empirical analysis, and a gas analyser for quantifying CO2 emissions are highly recommended as an avenue for future research. Therefore, this research will provide reliability and accuracy of carbon dioxide emission assessments and enhance the removal of excessive CO2 emissions from the atmosphere while delivering a low pollution energy source to the society towards the development of energy systems that are clean, efficient, and economical.
