ABSTRACT
Automobiles have provided a substantial contribution to the growth of the modern society by providing solutions to the mobility problem in daily rhythms; they are the necessary means of both transportation and personal expression that connects, binds, and integrates in a scattered world. Rule-based energy management systems (EMS) exploits a set of rules that are usually based on human experience and without prior knowledge of the vehicle’s route, targeting to determine the operating state of the vehicle’s engine and/or its EM. Rule-based EMSs are further categorized into deterministic and fuzzy strategies, based on the definition of the control law rules. Fuzzy rule-based EMS strategies have a nonlinear structure and can be considered as a natural extension of basic rules, thus achieving insensitivity to conditions uncertainties, and robustness against the measurement noises and disturbances. The offline optimization methods necessitate the knowledge of the vehicle’s route in order to determine the optimal solution.
