ABSTRACT
The sequencing of nucleic acid is the most imperative technique in molecular research among others and has many potential applications. The DNA sequencing in fourth-generation sequencing technologies (in situ sequencing) is notable through its specificity and the productivity provided by these technologies. In the beginning of sequencing, the Sanger method ruled–in fact, it ruled for thirty years. The Human Genome Project was completed using this method. The first second-generation sequencer was commercialized in 2005 with greater productivity and much lower cost per base compared with Sanger sequencing. In the meantime, the broadening field of applications harmonized the first, second, and third-generation sequencing technologies to obtain genetic information with high-resolution; whereas fourth-generation sequencing technologies are still on the horizon. The fourth-generation sequencing approaches also have applications in gene therapy, stem cell and tissue engineering, and other remedial purposes. This chapter focused on the anticipation, applications, and various types of in situ sequencing technologies.
