ABSTRACT
Dropping the price of DNA sequencing has contributed to the establishment of large databases for handling and analyzing data, particularly in microbial communities characterized by high phylogenetics and genetic variability. A compositional background of applying next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology and bioinformatics evaluation to metagenomics is mandated for assessing the features of these biological systems. Consequently, this chapter presents an overview of the biology of microbial ecosystems, from conventional culture-dependent techniques to culture-independent methods, and the latest frontier in genomic information, metagenomics. Topics to be discussed include NGS sample preparation, beginning with complete DNA extraction and library anticipation, followed by a quick overview of NGS chemistry to help provide a knowledge of which computational pipeline method might be helpful in realizing the vision of a research scientist. It addresses the significance of applying suitable specifications with sequencing connectivity and depth to obtain related microbial communities. Since all processes of DNA sequencing produce baseline calling errors that impair data analysis, including genomic sequences and microbe design methodology, dedicated software is presented and conceptually debated with respect to future application scenarios in the general microbial ecosystems.
