ABSTRACT
The authority implicit in the bourgeois system of labor, the power relation on which it is based, the state of subordination in which it places humans—all seem to be the necessary consequence of a natural state, or at least it masquerades as the result of historical rationality. Even the philosophical expressions of liberty, understood as the struggle and emancipation of the relation of authority, are deceptive, since the freedom of the individual emancipated from authority is no more than an appearance, severely conditioned by the objective character of social life. The superego is constantly reprojected onto the wielders of the dominant authority in society, or in other words the individual invests effective authority with the attributes of his own superego. By this act of projection of the superego onto authority, the latter is largely removed from critical reason. It is shaped in its morality, wisdom, capacity, to a great extent independently of real manifestations.
