ABSTRACT
Metal-organic framework (MOF) materials are adjustable and highly porous materials, they are sensitive to air and resistant to structural collapse upon heating. MOFs are of often crystalline. Over the past decades, porous materials have been the focus of substantial attention. The attractive feature of MOFs is their porosity that allows the diffusion of guest molecules into the bulk structure. MOFs are one of the most extremely focused material types, which are formed by combining inorganic units with organic units through strong bonds (reticular synthesis). The strong bonds between the inorganic units (metal ions or clusters) and the organic linkers (building units) offer unparalleled chemical diversity and pore environments to the entire structure. The inherent structural characteristics and the flexibility of MOFs with the geometry of their constituents, size, and functionality have led to the extensive study of more than twenty thousand different forms of MOFs. These materials have attracted a great deal of attention in the past ten years; and the increase in the number of papers published in this area during recent years is remarkable. MOFs are typically structured in such a way that the porosity is more than 50% of their entire crystal volume. The surface area values of such MOFs normally range between 1000 and 10,000 m2/g, which is more than the values of regular porous materials like carbons and zeolites. Due to their unique chemical and structural properties, MOFs are utilized in various kinds of real-time applications such as separation of gases, storing of gases, catalysis, drug delivery, etc.
