ABSTRACT
Nitrogen is the most active nutrient that plays an important role in plant and animal life. In the past 15-20 years in agricultural households, the crops are not respected, organic fertilizers are applied in small doses and the volume of mineral fertilizers has been considerably reduced and constitutes 10-50 kg/ha. The production capacity of the soil has decreased by 25-35%. As a result, harvest crops decreased. This chapter discusses the research on the current state of the forms and reserves of nitrogen in the soils of Moldova, the degree of mineral nitrogen plants and the effectiveness of nitrogen fertilizers. Are evaluated nitrogen losses by levigation, denitrification, volatilization and erosion? Based on the results obtained, the necessary measures are justified to optimize the mineral nutrition of crop plants. Moldova’s soil produces annually, after biological processes, 75 kg/ha of mineral nitrogen ( Nmin ), available to plants. The purpose of the investigations is to evaluate the current state of the fund, forms and reserves of nitrogen in soils of Moldova and developing measures to optimize the mineral nutrition of crop plants.
The chapter is intended for specialists in agriculture, agronomy, farmers, teachers, ecologists, scientific researchers and of course students.
