ABSTRACT
Energy is the engine for the social and economic development in the past, present, and future. It is the basis for progress and prosperity of nations and societies. The significant economic growth of any country depends on the extensive availability of resources that are accessible, reasonable, and sustainable. At the moment, more than 80% of our global energy comes from fossil fuel (oil, gas, and coal). The production and utilization of these fuels are not sustainable, and these resources are limited. Fossil fuels are non-renewable energy sources, which means that after some time, the very last amount of coal will be dug from the earth and the last drop of oil will be extracted from the earth. Thus, it is necessary to move to renewable energy sources that will last till the end of time and are environmentally friendly. In this chapter, a detailed view of first-, second-, and third-generation biofuels are presented.
