ABSTRACT
Whole-building simulation is increasingly used in the design of building heating, ventilating, and cooling systems but has seldom been used subsequently to optimize the operation of the building. However, there is an increased number of cases where simulation has/is being used in some significant way to optimize the operation of buildings. Most of the practical applications of building simulation for operational optimization have occurred using what are termed “calibrated” simulations as part of the existing building commissioning process, so the chapter continues by introducing a process for calibrating simulations. Fault detection and diagnosis plays a major role in energy management and can effectively reduce operating costs and related problems. Modern advances in building automation systems and the improvements in data handling, including collection, storage, and analysis, make detailed, on-line fault detection using calibrated simulations a cost-effective measure to maintain savings after commissioning.
