ABSTRACT

In vitro plant culture comprises three distinct types, namely cell, tissue, and organ cultures. Each type of this culture involves three components, namely plant material, medium and culture conditions. In turn, each of these components has various characteristics, for example, concentrations, size, and practices. The utilization of in vitro cultures for the production of secondary metabolites was comprehensively studied to date. Production of many pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, food additives, and agrochemicals was successfully realized. However, most of these compounds were still commercially produced directly from intact plants. The high cost is the main restraint for in vitro production of phytochemicals. Therefore, reducing the costs below conventional methods must be the core intention. Cost reduction has been managed mainly by increasing biomass growth and/or biomaterials accumulation. These can be performed through the optimization of the three components of each culture type by manipulating their characteristics. This chapter addressed various achievements in phytochemicals production by in vitro cultures.