ABSTRACT

Inorganic binders and consolidants can be divided into systems containing: reactive solids dispersed in aqueous suspensions, reactive aqueous solutions containing only dissolved inorganic components, and nanoparticles suspended in different solvents. One of the most successful groups of stone consolidants in use is silicic acid esters. The first group contains binders that solidify over time and form mechanically stable masses. Cementitious materials and systems based on reactive calcium hydroxide suspensions as well as suspensions leading to the formation of gypsum on its own or in combination with other components are typical for this group. Group of lime products, exclusively consisting of the two families; air lime and lime with hydraulic properties, used in applications or materials of construction, building and civil engineering. Both air and hydraulic lime are used in various ways for the conservation of historic monuments, for example, as mortar, render or injection grouts.