ABSTRACT
An oil spill generally is defined as an accidental release of oil into seawater from a tanker, offshore production activity, or underground pipeline. The French equivalent for oil spill is marée noire, and the Spanish equivalent is derrame de petróleo. The oil generally refers to crude oil and its liquid petroleum products (such as LPG, gasoline, jet fuel, etc.), and liquefied natural gas (LNG) as well as liquid chemicals and biofuels. However, in this book oil spill refers to crude oil and its product fuels as liquid fuels from petroleum when floating on the seawater surface. Offshore production nearly counts for 30% of global oil production (about 27 million barrels in 2016), and it is growing. For example, in Brazil, offshore production grew by 58% from 2005 to 2015 as reported by IEA (2018).
