ABSTRACT
With the development of digital media technology, the security and privacy concerns are growing, giving much attention to the research and industrial areas. Data hiding techniques provide a technical measure to deal with the related issues. This chapter introduces data hiding in compressed image and video. The main challenge in compressed image and video is that the hiding should utilize the existing coding standards, such as, JPEG, H.264, HEVC, and ensure the hidden bitstreams are compatible. Moreover, that the trace of hiding is negligible. Actually, it is very difficult due to the high compression efficiency. Thus, one needs to have an insightful understanding to the techniques in compression standards when he wants to design a data hiding method in corresponding standards. This chapter will give the fundamental knowledge to design data hiding methods in compressed domains. First, it gives the general hiding framework and the related branches of data hiding. Then it analyzes the hiding strategies in all potential hiding positions; especially, it gives the JPEG compression standard and the basic hybrid coding framework of video coding standards, such as MPEG1, MPEG2, MPEG4, H.264, HEVC and so on. Moreover, it evaluates the hiding capacity, effect son coding, security and difficulty of implementation in different hiding places in videos. In Section 14.3, it reviews the fundamental non-reversible hiding, hiding in encrypted domain. In Section 14.4, it gives the basic two reversible data hidings; actually, most of reversible data hiding is based on them. In this section, we give the hybrid hiding strategies, and give a basic hiding implementation in the intra-mode of HEVC. In Section 14.6, the security issue and potential research directions are discussed in detail. And Section 14.7 concludes the chapter.
