ABSTRACT
The indirect effects of climate change on fish include the following two aspects. First of all, species that have changed their distribution areas emerge in the new environment and generate new biological interactions. Secondly, some species migrate out of previous areas which results in the disappearance of biological interactions in these regions. Through affecting the behavior and physiology of fish, hypoxic events can induce shifts in spatial distribution and the structure of fish communities through direct mortality during extreme local events. The physiology and behavior of fish are more sensitive when exposed to both acidification and warming. In acidifying and warming water, feeding behavior, activity level and aerobic scope of fish are affected. Global climate change does not only directly but also indirectly affect the physiology and distribution of fish, through the mutual relationships between species, which further changes the population and community composition and ecosystem function.
