ABSTRACT
Industrialization and urbanization result in the release of numerous heavy metal elements in our agri-environment which are causing tremendous effects on agricultural productivity. Lithium (Li) is one of them; Li is a non-essential element and is being introduced in our environment via different means such as leaching from Li brines or industrial effluents. The essentiality of Li in plants has not been identified yet; however, numerous studies revealed its different effects on plant physiology. In this chapter, the positive and negative effects of lithium have been discussed. Briefly, Li at low concentrations in growth medium improves plant growth and development, however, at high concentrations Li significantly reduces plant growth by reducing morphological growth, photosynthesis, and by inducing oxidative stress. No exact molecular mechanism has been identified behind such responses, however, several key points should be considered during further exploring the role of Li in plant metabolism. These key points are highlighted in the future perspective section.
