ABSTRACT
Sand boils are formed by the upwards flow of pore water following strong ground motions, and their presence is typically taken to indicate the occurrence (or non-occurrence) of liquefaction under the earthquake loading. However, it is possible for liquefaction to occur without sand boils being observed, and this is relatively common in centrifuge or 1 g shake table experiments. In this paper, the authors present the results from a study using a 1-g shaking table which aims to create sand boil features in the lab. Through this study, the mechanisms occurring in the development of sandboils are explored, as well as some of the key conditions required for these features to be observed.
