ABSTRACT
This chapter reviews the common congenital and acquired uterine anomalies associated with recurrent pregnancy losses (RPL), and discusses contemporary diagnosis and treatment options. Subseptate uterus is the most common uterine anomaly in women with RPL and recurrent first trimester pregnancy loss, and may predict poor pregnancy outcome if incidentally diagnosed in the early stage of a viable intrauterine pregnancy. Submucous myomas distort the uterine cavity, the overlying endometrium is usually thin and inadequate for normal implantation, and hence submucous fibroids can be associated with pregnancy loss. Polyps are benign hyperplastic endometrial growths that have also been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Intrauterine scars can probably interfere with normal implantation and may be responsible for pregnancy loss. Cervical incompetence is a challenging clinical diagnosis and is an infrequent cause of pregnancy loss even in patients with gross structural abnormalities of the genital tract.
