ABSTRACT
Structural malformations were classically described as occurring in 2% of live births, which is still the case in much of the world. The question the counselor has to face is whether the structural malformation or aneuploidy is sporadic or recurrent. In Recurrent Pregnancy Loss, particularly if a phenotypically abnormal embryo is found, accurate genetic analysis of the conceptus is essential. Embryoscopy allows visualization of the embryo in utero. With the transcervical approach, before curettage in cases of missed abortion, subtle morphologic details, undetectable by ultrasound, can accurately be assessed without any artificial damage. The embryoscope should be advanced as close as possible to the embryo in order to document the minute developing structures such as the limbs. Transcervical embryoscopy allows selective and reliable sampling of chorionic tissues with minimal potential for maternal contamination. The GD 4 embryos have a crown-rump length over 10 mm with a discernible head, trunk, and limb buds.
