ABSTRACT
The eventual goal in human-robot teaming is for the robot to become a team member, rather than just a tool (Phillips et al., 2011). In order to do so, the robot must be able to function in cooperation with their human counterparts in real-world uncertain environments. Cooperative functionality requires both the ability to perform independent tasking, as well as the development of common ground with team members (Cooke et al., 2013) while being able to critique errors and suggest alternative actions (Sukthankar et al., 2012). As such, the robot’s ability to participate in joint activities with the team is dependent upon its interpredictability, its ability to maintain common ground with its teammates, and its redirectability (Klein et al., 2005). In addition, it is important for the robot to be able to share knowledge with its team members. Teaming research has shown that team members who share knowledge tend to make similar decisions and actions, and have been shown to be more effective (Cannon-Bowers and Salas, 2001; Cooke et al., 2000; Cooke et al., 2013; Sukthankar et al., 2012). Thus, the robot must have a clear understanding of the team and task needs including goals, membership, capabilities, and tasking.
