ABSTRACT
This chapter begins with Swarm Planning, a methodology to design more adaptive landscapes. Fitness landscapes are complex adaptive systems that self-organize and adapt in order to remain within their state. While experiments such as the sand engine have inbuilt adaptive management principles, the magnitude of change and the interrelatedness of systems will require advanced approaches, in which uncertainty, adaptivity, and counterintuitivity will need to have a prominent position. Two plans that have been released in Australia illustrate how counterintuitive thinking could lead to resilient coasts: A Sydney Barrier Reef and Badgerys Island. A counterintuitive approach looks at the potential of re-creating a Barrier Reef. A counterintuitive design thinking is the concept for Sydney's Badgerys Island. On Badgerys Island, there would be a substantial amount of jobs for the inhabitants. With the changes in climate and the increasing attention for ecological systems approaches, the attitude toward coastal design is changing.
