ABSTRACT
Floods are the most disastrous natural hazards worldwide which cause the loss of many lives per year, and these losses have been increasing every year. Therefore, there is an urgent need for controlling and mitigating floods by the application of suitable techniques and models which can be used efficiently for flood forecasting. Hence, this chapter presents methods and techniques for flood forecasting by using two approaches: (1) methods based on frequency analysis of the hydrological and meteorological data and (2) methods on prediction models such as the time-series model. The procedure of the first approach is to define the various methods of frequency analysis such as normal distribution, log normal, log Pearson type III, Gumbel extreme value distribution, and the Weibull distribution methods. These methods can be used to interpret historical data to predict future probabilities of occurrence. The second approach consists of building stochastic models after removing the deterministic component from the hydrologic time series. It can be seen that time-series models are a very efficient tool for flood forecasting. Furthermore, these models can be used for mitigating flood damages by implementing structural and non-structural measures.
