ABSTRACT
In 1981, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) decided that the anti-collision systems would be deployed on an aircraft board. At that time, the most well-known Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) was improved. The development of this system as a result of the constant increase and demands put on air safety has continued. TCAS has further increased air traffic safety. In the aircraft collision over Cerritos in California, DC-9 collided with Piper Archer. Following this accident, the US Congress approved a resolution according to which aircraft operating in the US airspace must be equipped with an Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS). The collision of Boeing 747 and Ilyushin 76 aircraft near New Delhi in India in 1996 triggered the process of regulations that aircraft flying in other parts of the world should be equipped with ACAS. At the end of the 1980s, ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) developed a global operational assessment of TCAS. Its purpose was to determine the performance of TCAS. Version 7.0 of this system is installed on all newly made aircraft. It was also taken over by ICAO as an international standard for flights over Europe and some other countries. The general concept established by ICAO for the anti-collision system is the ACAS (Airborne Collision Avoidance System). (Helfrick, 2004) The amendment to Annex 10 (Volume 4) after its publication in October 2010 introduced provisions that all new ACAS equipment must be in compliance
1 INTRODUCTION
Air transport is one of the most dynamically developing and at the same time the safest type of transport. (Rozenberg 2014) Since collisions in air have mostly fatal consequences, the emphasis on aviation security and also on the economy of air traffic has always had preferences. Every tragedy in the air investigated very thoroughly the cause of the accident and the improvement of the security system. (Sabo 2017) After the collision of airplanes in the air, there have always been voices calling for designing anti-collision systems. In the period free from accidents, interest in anti-collision systems has declined, especially in funding for their development. We have mentioned a few catastrophes from the past that have prompted the development of anti-collision systems. For example, United Airline’s Lockheed L049 Super Constellation and Dongles DC-7 crashed in June 1956 over Grand Canyon, DC-7 and Air Force F-100 over Arden, New York. The collision of Lockheed Super Constellation and the DC-8 airplane, flying according to instrument flight rules caused a disaster when approaching Idlewid Airport (now John F. Kennedy Airport) over New York City, also the crash of Boeing 727 of Pacific Southwest Airlines and Cessna 172 over San Diego, which took 135 lives. (EUROCONTROL, 2008) These catastrophes have also resulted in a significant reduction in revenues for the airlines concerned due to the lack of confidence in the quality of the services they provide. (Pavolová 2013).
