ABSTRACT
Bandgap references are widely used in analogue circuits, digital circuits, and mixed-signal circuits, such as operational amplifiers, linear regulators, DRAM, A/D converters, phase-locked loops, and power converters because of their high accuracy and temperature-independence (Lee et al. 1994). Voltage references are fundamental circuit blocks, ubiquitously used in analogue, mixed-signal, RF and digital systems, including memories. The importance of low power design is self-evident in mobile and energy harvesting applications, whereas resistorless approaches enable the implementation of the circuit in standard digital processes. Basically, the bandgap voltage reference, introduced by Widlar in 1971 (Mattia et al. 2014). Bandgap voltage reference sources are one of the basic circuits, their functions may be single. The bandgap reference supplies a stable voltage to the circuit, compare the output voltage and the results. The data obtained adjust the output voltage, this feature is reflected in the voltage regulator. In voltage detector, bandgap voltage source like a bistable multivibrator gate circuit, In production, the designers must consider the initial voltage accuracy, voltage drift, feed current and the noise.
