ABSTRACT
Infectious diseases caused by viruses are serious threats to human. Among them are viral infections such as AIDS, dengue fever, zika, chikungunya, hepatitis, influenza, herpes, Ebola, and Covid-19. Viral infection continues to be a pressing public health issue worldwide. Carica papaya L. belongs to the family Caricaceae, is native to the northern part of South America including Mexico and was introduced to the tropical and subtropical countries including in Borneo. Leaves of C. papaya have been used traditionally for the treatment of dengue fever caused by the dengue virus, particularly in Sarawak. The British Medical Journal provides a guideline for the use of papaya leaf extract for dengue fever patients. Both species Calophyllum lanigerum Miq. and C. teysmannii Miq. are found in Peninsular Malaysia, and Borneo but their respective varieties are endemic to Borneo only. Both the species of Calophyllum were used traditionally as medicinal plants but were not used as an anti-viral.
