ABSTRACT
The concentrations of the products account for only about 10% of the degraded perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate, which is much lower than for oxidation-based processes, where shorter-chain perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAAs) account for most of the degraded. While there is a need for more knowledge on the remediation of polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)-contaminated water, particularly in a field setting, laboratory-scale studies have proven to be a valuable tool to develop, validate, and improve treatment approaches for PFAS-impacted groundwater. The treatment processes discussed here include a chemical oxidation process using heat-activated persulfate, electrochemical oxidation, ultrasonication, a reductive chemical process using zerovalent iron, advanced reduction processes, and plasma-based technology. Electrochemical oxidation has been receiving increasing interest in recent years for water treatment due to its ability to degrade a wide range of recalcitrant organic compounds and perfluorinated compounds. In general, degradation of PFAS by electrochemical oxidation is attributed to direct oxidation.
