ABSTRACT
Geological evidence involving the development of Indonesian archipelago is complex tectonic and glacioeustatic changes during the Pleistocene. Indonesian waters are in the middle of the Coral Triangle, an epicenter of marine biodiversity in the world is home for both marine and coastal fauna and flora. Indonesia is the largest host of bird species in the world, the number of bird species in Indonesia is 1,611 species including the migratory. Wallace area is the place where endemic birds are mostly found. Indonesia is divided into two areas: Sundaland and Wallacea, both areas are two among 34 hotspots in the world. Management of Indonesian biodiversity is in-line to three global agreements: Aichi Targets, Nagoya Protocol; and identifying and Mobilizing Resources for biodiversity conservation. Indonesian waters are in the middle of the Coral Triangle, an epicenter of marine biodiversity in the world is home for both marine and coastal fauna and flora.
