ABSTRACT
86The objective of this research is to show the genetic diversity of maize varieties with pigmented grain present in Mesoamerica, mainly in Mexico. It is intended to draw attention to the preservation of the genetic and cultural heritage of Mexico, pigmented maize varieties, which are currently considered nutraceuticals by the presence of anthocyanins in the grain. These phenolic compounds are responsible for the color presented by these crops, which could vary from red to blue. Anthocyanins have beneficial biological activity since they act as antioxidants helping to oxidative stress prevention and to reduce the risk of no communicable diseases. The anthocyanin content in the grains depends on the genotype of the plant, black or purple grains have a higher content than white, pink, and yellow grains. Pigmented maize varieties have the potential for being used in the development of new functional foods as well as for replacing artificial dyes in the food industry. The commercial and industrial potential of these corns is promising; however, they are being threatened by the planting of genetically modified maize (MGM), which could bring serious consequences in its genetic purity and conservation. Therefore, the protection of these corns is urgent, giving them added value to improve their profitability, fact that undoubtedly would impact the economy of farmers who have been key elements in the conservation of these types of corns.
