ABSTRACT
This chapter describes how parastichy numbers can be directly determined and explores its applications using spirals of a sunflower head inflorescence. The number of spirals is called the parastichy number. Two adjacent parastichy numbers are asymmetric in clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW), and the ratio of CW/CCW and CCW/CW in real sunflowers are nearly equal. In this study, a sunflower model and a pineapple model were used. The discrete Fourier transform was applied to the distance between each point in the point distribution. The point distribution was obtained by changing divergence angles to the golden angle or arbitrary angles. First, components of parastichy numbers are investigated to find out whether they consist of two or more generalized Fibonacci numbers. Then, the probability of the parastichy numbers being directly determined depending on arbitrary divergence angles is examined. Next, a relationship between a part of the image and a whole image using the Fourier transform is studied. The disturbance of the filled image using the numerical pattern of the obtained spatial frequency is also analyzed. Finally, simulation results are applied to real sunflowers, and its effectiveness is evaluated.
