ABSTRACT
A focus on integration becomes apparent and the commercial success of new devices relies on form factor and compatibility with biological systems, mostly to improve human–device interactions. This development can be observed by the booming wearables market and health-monitoring devices in various form factors. These devices repurpose and simplify ordinary circuits and technology currently available on the market in wearable housings affixed with flexible bands to limbs. This technology has not changed in the last 20 years and progress is long overdue. Considerable efforts are made toward the development of a new class of electronics that is intrinsically flexible and stretchable. The research challenge is to overcome the intrinsically rigid nature of contemporary technology. However, the integration of conventional electronic components, passive or active, with biological systems is limited due to the inherent incompatibility in mechanical properties.
