ABSTRACT
This chapter provides more information on normal anatomy, histology, physiology, and endocrinology of Reproductive System and Mammary Gland. Compound-related effects on the reproductive system can be pivotal in pharmaceutical development. It considers the male and female reproductive systems together with the mammary gland as many basic concepts track across these organ systems. Embryological development of the reproductive tract is broadly similar species but there are detailed differences, particularly in the timing of events. The development of xenobiotic-induced endometrial hyperplasia in rodents has been reported in numerous studies of animals exposed in utero, prepubertally, or after ovariectomy. Postnatal testicular development varies among species, just as the timing of puberty varies. The term "puberty" denotes the time period encompassing hormonal changes, development of sexually dimorphic traits, and the achievement of fertility. Considerable confusion exists regarding the terminology of sexual maturation.
