ABSTRACT
Regenerative medicine offers an entirely new approach to repairing, replacing, maintaining, or enhancing organ or tissue function that has been lost due to disease, injury, or aging. The role of IL-10 remains elusive in pain management, with conflicting study results. Osteoarthritis is considered to be the most common chronic joint disease in an increasingly growing elderly population. Molecular pathways and mechanisms tied to neuroinflammation appear to play similar, yet distinct roles in the development of both opioid tolerance and opioid-induced hyperalgesia. This suggests that mediating neuroinflammation would prove beneficial in treating opioid tolerance and opioid-induced hyperalgesia. If successful, this will radically change the treatment approach to pain management. The use of extracellular vesicles is the next generation of possible therapies in the regenerative medicine sector. Exosomes may prove an important vehicle for the treatment of pain management. Mesenchymal stem cells arise from pericytes released from broken and inflamed blood vessels.
