ABSTRACT

Wastewater sources include domestic, sewage, municipal, chemical and mining industries, as well as surface runoff and groundwater. Sewage is wastewater containing human waste in suspension that is removed from kitchens, lavatories, communities, rainwater flowing into drains and industries; it is mainly composed of 99.9% water and 0.1% fecal matter and urine. Municipal sewage is mainly composed of organic material. biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) properties are used to determine the oxidation properties of the organic matter in sewage. The sources of total phosphates (TP) in raw sewage are mainly food residues containing phosphorous and their breakdowns, which if disposed of in water bodies can result in eutrophication. The process of municipal sewage management involves the removal of pollutants from the wastewater and includes three major processes: physical methods, chemical methods and biological methods. Municipal sewage treatment can take place either aerobically or anaerobically. Anoxic and anammox conditions can also be considered.