ABSTRACT
A large interest is growing in a biomimetic approach for molecular engineering of advanced materials for molecular electronics, photonics devices, sensor devices, and so on. Biological membranes are basic functional ‘‘molecular devices’’ in biological systems and multicomponent complex systems mainly consisting of lipid bilayers and biological macromolecules. The lipid bilayer is a nanoscopic two-dimensional layered supramolecular assembly and a structural element of biomembranes. In turn, biomembranes are elemental structural components of mesoscopic submicrometer-size subcellular apparatuses, i.e., organellas. Biological cells are micrometer-size assemblies of the organellas, and basal building units of biological tissues and living organs at the macroscopic scale. Structural hierarchical assembling of biomolecules from nanoscopic to macroscopic scale in biological systems is a vital and constitutional base of living organs.
