ABSTRACT
Currently, molecular devices and nanodevices are being energetically researched as one of the most important key technologies in the 21st century [1-4]. However, nature perfected much more sophisticated devices more than three billion years ago [5,6]. Ultrafine information processors, energy converters, and machines are all constructed by functional molecules through self-assembling processes. Nature relegates the important role to proteins that can operate with extremely high specificity and efficiency. Highly sophisticated functions such as energy conversion and electron transport result from specified spatial organization of enzymes. Multiple numbers and kinds of proteins often work sequentially and/or cooperatively, for example, a receptor for signal recognition and an effector for signal amplification effectively coupled on a plasma membrane [7-9]. Protein functional relay also plays important roles in photosynthesis [ 10, 11]. Learning and mimicking biological protein arrays would lead to fruitful approaches in nanotechnology.
