ABSTRACT
Successful cryopreservation is closely related to the quality of pre-frozen semen. The structure and cryoresistance of spermatozoa, the physicochemical composition of seminal plasma, and the quality and volume of semen vary considerably among species, strains, and even individuals of the same stock. In addition, the fitness of spermatozoa also varies according to the animal’s health status, social hierarchy, diet, storage time, storage conditions, as well as collection techniques and season. Therefore the quality of the pre-frozen semen from the selected individual should be carefully examined. Incision is an exceptional way of removing testes and extracting sperm.
