ABSTRACT

Contents 7.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 7.2 IEEE 802.16 Wireless MAN Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 7.3 WirelessMAN-SC PHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

7.3.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 7.3.2 Frame Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 7.3.3 Adaptive Burst Profiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

7.4 IEEE 802.16 MAC Layer Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 7.4.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 7.4.2 CS Sublayer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 7.4.3 MAC CPS Sublayer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 7.4.4 MAC PDU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 7.4.5 Radio Link Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 7.4.6 Network Entry and Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

7.5 QoS Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 7.5.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 7.5.2 UL Scheduling Service Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 7.5.3 QoS Architecture for UL Scheduling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 7.5.4 QoS Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

7.6 Security Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238

7.6.1 IEEE 802.16 Security Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 7.6.1.1 Security Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 7.6.1.2 SS Authorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 7.6.1.3 Key Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 7.6.1.4 Cryptographic Suites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

7.6.2 Security Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 7.7 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

7.1 Introduction Broadband wireless access (BWA) systems, as reported by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) [1], are one of the most promising solutions for broadband access. BWA systems provide an alternative to current wired broadband access options such as cable modem using coaxial systems, leased lines based on fiber-optic links, and Digital Subscribe Line (DSL) access networks [2]. It has several advantages, such as rapid deployment, high scalability, low maintenance and upgrade costs, and granular investment to match the market growth [3]. Installation of such systems can be beneficial in either highly crowded geographical areas such as cities or rural areas without wired infrastructure. To provide an industry-wide standard for BWA systems, the IEEE 802 committee set up the IEEE 802.16 working group to develop broadband wireless standards. The IEEE 802.16 standard defines the air interface and Media Access Control (MAC) specifications for BWA systems supporting metropolitan area network (MAN) architecture [4,5]. An alternative standard in Europe is the high-performance radio metropolitan area network (HiperMAN) standard created by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).