ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION The fundamentals of biotechnology have been around for a long time. The Egyptians used biotechnology in 4000-2000 B.C. to leaven bread and ferment wine. In 1663, Hooke discovered the existence of the cell. In the mid 1800s proteins and enzymes were discovered and labeled. Penicillin was discovered as an antibiotic in the 1920s. In 1953, Watson and Crick described the double helical structure of DNA, which marked the beginning of the modern era of genetics.
