ABSTRACT
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (~22nt) single-stranded RNAs that inhibit target gene expression by suppression of translation or causing mRNA degradation. These miRNAs are involved in many biological functions and various disease processes. This chapter discusses the biogenesis and mechanism of action of the miRNAs as well as the role that miRNAs play in several major diseases. In addition, we will address the recent strategies of using RNA nanotechnology to deliver miRNA-based therapeutics for the treatment of cancer and other diseases.
