ABSTRACT
Tilapia production systems have dramatically improved over the last decade, notably in genetics and nutritional additives to name a few. High-intensive culture has increased globally due to the rapid improvement of feed efficiency, meat quality, and adaptation of fish to variable aquaculture systems. Today, the main challenges for the tilapia industry are to maximize growth performance, enhance health status, and minimize production costs. In addition, emerging studies on exogenous enzymes, fatty acids, prebiotic, probiotics, essential oils, and organic minerals have been evaluated in diets for tilapia in order to maximize growth, feed efficiency and health, while reducing production costs and minimizing environmental impact. Ingredients such as dried distilled grain with soluble and/or insect meals have been evaluated in tilapia research as potentially nutritious and sustainable aquafeeds. Nutrition and genomics, including epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, have been currently applied to best understand the complex interaction between feeds, feeding, environment, and fish to optimize tilapia production.
