ABSTRACT
Squamous cell carcinoma in situ is a high-grade intraepithelial squamous neoplasm that can progress into an invasive cancer. When it affects genitalia, the terms of vulvar or penile intraepithelial neoplasia are used. HSIL is related to the oncogenic effects of persistent human papillomavirus infection. On the contrary, dVIN develops in a context of chronic inflammation, mostly lichen sclerosus. The differential diagnosis of SCCis includes various benign conditions such as seborrheic keratosis, inflammatory disorders like lichen simplex chronicus, lichen sclerosus, lichen planus and psoriasis, infectious balanitis and vulvitis, and genital warts. Dermoscopy of intraepithelial neoplasia of genitalia may reveal lesions with asymmetry of various parameters, such as shape, structure, and/or color. Dermoscopy of dVIN reveals serpentine and curvy vessels in the context of pink to red or whitish structureless areas. A predominance of white color appears to be a sign of progression to invasive neoplasia.
