ABSTRACT
With the evolution of botulinum toxin application for aesthetic purposes, techniques and principles of toxin injection are becoming more and more diversified. As more and more knowledge of underlying mechanism of muscle actions and toxin functions is gained, traditional protocols of toxin injection appear relatively elementary and incomplete, covering problems of divergent origins. The evolution of aesthetic toxin practice from the classical limited-point, high-dose injection to various kinds of newer approaches, involving more points and fewer units and being more flexible in terms of location, sometimes surpasses the practical requirements and verges on being randomly administered. Most modern aesthetic toxin practices use fewer units to achieve similar effects. There are more and more theories about application for popular indications deploying toxin in a freestyle way. The aesthetic enhancement from a treatment comes from intellectual design and selective moderation of the original muscle activities, changing the ways and shapes of presentation and making them pleasing to the eye, and recognition.
