ABSTRACT
This chapter evaluates the most widely used interventions for predicting and preventing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). The oocyte yield after these protocols depends on the follicle pool; in women with a normal or elevated ovarian reserve, high doses can provoke an excessive ovarian response with subsequent OHSS. Whereas the treatment of OHSS involves supportive management such as antiemetics, analgesics, fluid intake, and paracentesis, in severe cases, while the condition slowly improves, the mainstay of management of women at risk of OHSS revolves around the prevention of this complication in the first place. Primary prevention includes individualized ovarian stimulation protocols with mild doses of gonadotropins, use of GnRH antagonists, and in vitro maturation. The treatment of OHSS involves supportive management using antiemetics, analgesics, fluid intake to maintain intravascular volume, prophylactic anticoagulation [85] in cases of severe OHSS, and paracentesis while the condition slowly improves. OHSS usually resolves with 14 days, and the management is based on the severity of the case.
