ABSTRACT
This chapter reviews the topic with respect to clinical presentation and to discuss treatment options for the various etiologies of hematocolpos. The different types of anomalies that could possibly cause hematocolpos that will be discussed include imperforate hymen, transverse vaginal septum, distal vaginal atresia, and hemivagina. Hematocolpos is a rare condition that occurs as a result of an obstruction in the vagina leading to an accumulation of menstrual blood in the vagina. The vagina is formed from both the Müllerian ducts and the urogenital sinus. The former is thought to contribute to the upper two-thirds of the vagina, while the latter forms the lower one-third. The most common female genital tract anomaly that leads to hematocolpos is the imperforate hymen. Patients with imperforate hymen usually present with cyclical monthly abdominal or pelvic pain. The patient usually has fully developed secondary sex characteristics but has never menstruated.
