ABSTRACT
This chapter evaluates the different diagnostic modalities used in cesarean section scar ectopic pregnancy (CSEP), compare the different treatment modalities available, and explore the outcomes of treated patients, including the evidence regarding the results achieved in women undergoing expectant management. Large prospective studies are needed to elucidate the actual burden of maternal morbidity in patients diagnosed with CSEP undergoing medical, surgical, and expectant management to ascertain whether prenatal imaging can identify women with CSEP at higher risk of developing complications in whom more aggressive treatment approaches are justifiable. The C-S scar defect, isthmocele, or niche has been reported as an important feature that is associated with future gynecologic and obstetric complications, including CSEP. In cases that progress to the third trimester, the optimal management is still to place the patient on bedrest, and women should be counseled about short- and long-term risks.
